An Infant With Hyper IgE Syndrome Mimicking Acute Leukemia.

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Hematology

Background:

• Leukocytosis is commonly caused by infection, inflammation, and leukemia.
• Eosinophilia, an increase in eosinophils, can indicate various conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome as a differential diagnosis for leukocytosis with eosinophilia.
• To emphasize the potential for hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome to present as acute leukemia.

Main Methods:

• This study reviews clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria for hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome.
• Comparative analysis of symptoms and laboratory findings in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome versus acute leukemia.

Main Results:

• Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by elevated IgE levels, eczema, recurrent infections, and eosinophilia.
• In complicated cases with severe infection, hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome can present with marked leukocytosis and eosinophilia, closely resembling acute leukemia.

Conclusions:

• Clinicians should consider hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome in patients with unexplained leukocytosis and eosinophilia.
• Early recognition and diagnosis of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome are crucial to differentiate it from acute leukemia and ensure appropriate management.