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Digital health interventions for childhood obesity: An umbrella review
Edlin Glane Mathias1,2, Siva N3, Elstin Anburaj S2
1Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Udupi district, Karnataka, India.
Insights
Digital health interventions, particularly mobile and SMS-based tools, show promise for managing childhood obesity. Integrating these strategies into public health can improve weight management for children and adolescents.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Digital Health
- Pediatric Obesity
Background:
- Childhood obesity is a significant global health concern requiring effective interventions.
- Early management is crucial to mitigate long-term health consequences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of digital health interventions for controlling and managing obesity in children and adolescents.
- This umbrella review synthesizes evidence on various digital health approaches.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search of multiple databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, etc.) was conducted.
- Included systematic reviews focused on individuals aged 18 years or younger who were overweight or obese.
- Interventions encompassed mobile health (mHealth), eHealth, telehealth, and wearables; primary outcomes included BMI and BMI z-scores.
Main Results:
- Twenty-seven systematic reviews were included in the analysis.
- Mobile and SMS-based interventions demonstrated significant potential for reducing BMI and promoting behavioral changes.
- Various digital health modalities were explored, including apps, telehealth, and wearable devices.
Conclusions:
- Digital interventions, especially those using mobile and SMS platforms, are promising for childhood obesity management.
- Integrating these digital health strategies into public health initiatives can enhance weight management outcomes for pediatric populations.
Introduction:
Childhood obesity has become a critical global health issue, raising concerns for public health systems. Early intervention is essential to curb its long-term impact.
Objective:
This umbrella review aims to assess the effectiveness of digital health interventions in controlling and managing obesity among children and adolescents.
Methods:
Following Cochrane methodology, comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and ProQuest Health and Medical Library, EPISTEMONIKOS, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Database. Eligible reviews included studies targeting individuals aged ≤18 years children who were overweight or obese based on BMI-for-age percentiles or z-scores. Interventions explored include mobile health (mHealth), electronic health (eHealth), mobile apps, SMS, telehealth, and wearable technologies. No restrictions were placed on comparators. Primary outcomes included BMI, BMI z-scores, BMI-for-age percentiles, and related anthropometric indicators. Screening was independently conducted by two reviewers using Rayyan software. The methodological quality of each review was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool, with findings synthesized narratively.
Results:
Out of 242 records screened, 27 systematic reviews were included. Ten reviews examined mHealth interventions, four explored eHealth or web-based strategies, while others focused on telehealth, wearable devices, or multicomponent approaches. A combination of mobile and SMS-based tools consistently demonstrated greater potential in supporting BMI reduction and promoting behavioral change.
Conclusion:
Mobile and SMS-based digital interventions show promise in managing childhood obesity. Their integration into public health strategies could enhance the effectiveness of weight management efforts among children and adolescents.
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