Research progress in PANoptosis mechanisms and their interplay with tuberculosis

PANoptosis is a recently identified, inflammatory programmed cell death pathway that amalgamates features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, executed via multiprotein complexes called PANoptosomes. Increasing evidence highlights PANoptosis has emerged as a potentially pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including viral and bacterial infections and malignancies. Given its extensive pathophysiological relevance, this review systematically explores the conceptual underpinnings, molecular mechanisms, and structural composition of PANoptosome. Special attention is devoted to elucidating the pathophysiological interactions between PANoptosis and tuberculosis (TB), with the aim of developing integrated diagnostic-therapeutic strategies and targeted pharmaceutical innovations for TB. Tuberculosis, a respiratory infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb), continues to pose a significant global health challenge.