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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

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Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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New-generation Indian Linear Accelerator: Validation of Specifications and Comparative Analysis.

Ramamoorthy Ravichandran1, Tarani Mondal1, Tamilarasan Mani2

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Medical Physics Unit, Silchar Assam, India.

Journal of Medical Physics
|April 6, 2026
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Summary

India

Keywords:
Low-energy linacSiddharth II©multileaf collimatorradiotherapy machines

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Radiotherapy (RT) is essential for cancer treatment, with India facing a significant shortage of RT machines.
  • The "Make in India" initiative aims to develop indigenous linear accelerators to address this gap.
  • A new low-energy (6 MV) linear accelerator has been developed and installed in Indian oncology centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance and efficacy of the indigenous Siddharth II© linear accelerator.
  • To compare its radiation delivery parameters with a well-established imported model (Varian TrueBeam©).
  • To assess its suitability for clinical use in India.

Main Methods:

  • Performance specifications and beam characteristics of five Siddharth II© linacs were measured during commissioning and type approval.
  • Radiation safety parameters were assessed.
  • Data was compared with measured 6 MV photon values from an imported Varian TrueBeam© model.

Main Results:

  • The indigenous 6 MV linear accelerator (Siddharth II©) demonstrated adequate design and comparable radiation beam delivery to imported models.
  • All radiation safety parameters met international standards and were on par with imported machines.
  • Five linacs were installed and evaluated over a 2-year period.

Conclusions:

  • The Siddharth II© linac meets clinical requirements and performs comparably to imported linear accelerators.
  • This indigenous technology represents a significant step towards self-reliance in cancer treatment infrastructure.
  • It promises wider accessibility and affordability of radiotherapy for Indian patients.