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Gold Nanoparticles Enhance Radiosensitivity in Glioblastoma Cells.

Laura Coppola1, Giovanna Navarra1, Giorgio Avilia1

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80131, Italy.

ACS Omega
|April 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) combined with ionizing radiation (IR) effectively reduced glioblastoma cell viability and increased cancer cell death. AuNPs enhanced radiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis.
  • Current treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, temozolomide) are often ineffective due to radioresistance.
  • Novel radiosensitizers are needed to improve GBM treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as nanoradiosensitizers for glioblastoma.
  • To evaluate the combined effect of AuNPs and ionizing radiation (IR) on glioblastoma cells.
  • To assess the tumor-specific effects of AuNPs in combination with IR.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed the biological interaction of AuNPs with IR in glioblastoma cell lines (immortalized and patient-derived).
  • Evaluated cell viability, necrosis, and apoptosis.
  • Calculated the sensitization enhancement ratio (SER).
  • Tested AuNP effects on normal human astrocytes (NHA) to determine tumor specificity.

Main Results:

  • Combined AuNPs and IR significantly decreased glioblastoma cell viability.
  • Increased rates of necrosis and apoptosis were observed with the combination therapy.
  • The sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) was higher in cells treated with AuNPs and IR.
  • AuNPs demonstrated a tumor-specific effect, sparing normal human astrocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy for glioblastoma.
  • AuNPs increase the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells.
  • This approach holds promise for improving glioblastoma treatment response and patient survival.