Cytotoxic effect of famotidine in breast adenocarcinoma cells line

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Famotidine, a histamine H₂-receptor antagonist commonly prescribed for gastric conditions, has demonstrated potential anticancer effects through mechanisms unrelated to acid suppression. The study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic of famotidine on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF)-7 cell line through in vitro assays.

MCF-7 cells were treated with varying concentrations of famotidine (0.364-20 mg/mL) for 24 hours. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed using the MTT assay and Live/Dead fluorescence staining. Morphological changes were evaluated under phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy. The statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA statistical analysis.

Famotidine treatment resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. Higher concentrations (≥5 mg/mL) led to substantial cytotoxicity, with viability falling below 20%. Live/Dead assays confirmed these results, showing increased red (dead cell) fluorescence at higher doses. Morphological analysis revealed change in cell morphology which is consistent with non-specific cytotoxic injury.

Famotidine exhibits physiologically cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro.