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Related Concept Videos

Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

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When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
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Plane Potential Flows01:23

Plane Potential Flows

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Plane potential flows simplify fluid motion by assuming the fluid to be irrotational and incompressible. These characteristics allow these flows to be described by a velocity potential function, ϕ, representing the flow speed in a given direction, and a stream function, ψ, that visualizes the flow path, both governed by Laplace's equation. These parameters help in estimating flow patterns, velocity distributions, and pressure fields around various hydraulic structures.
Uniform...
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Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

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The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Fabrication and Visualization of Capillary Bridges in Slit Pore Geometry
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Fabrication and Visualization of Capillary Bridges in Slit Pore Geometry

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Geometry-Induced Capillary Rise and Directional Flow in Porous Lattice Structures.

Yunsan Choi1, Josue Yaedalm Son1, Hyejeong Kim1,2

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ordered porous materials offer controlled liquid transport, unlike random ones. Body-centered-cubic lattices with specific geometries enable predictable capillary rise for advanced fluidic systems.

Keywords:
3D printingbody-centered cubiccapillary risedirectional fluid transportporous structure

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Wicking Tests for Unidirectional Fabrics: Measurements of Capillary Parameters to Evaluate Capillary Pressure in Liquid Composite Molding Processes
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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Capillary-driven liquid transport in porous media is crucial for microfluidics and water harvesting.
  • Conventional random porous materials show unpredictable flow due to structural heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if three-dimensional ordered lattices, specifically body-centered-cubic (BCC) structures, can achieve deterministic and tunable capillary rise.
  • To explore the influence of structural parameters on liquid transport in ordered porous media.

Main Methods:

  • Additive manufacturing was used to create BCC lattices with varied strut diameters, aspect ratios, and unit-cell configurations.
  • Optical and X-ray visualization techniques tracked liquid front and meniscus evolution.
  • A force-balance model predicted maximum capillary rise height.

Main Results:

  • Geometric periodicity and asymmetry significantly influenced interfacial transport.
  • Larger strut diameters and denser lattices increased capillary height by enhancing Laplace pressure and contact perimeter.
  • Multicell and gradient configurations promoted predictable, anisotropic fluid propagation and directional transport.

Conclusions:

  • Classical capillary theory can be extended to ordered 3D porous networks.
  • Material geometry is a key design parameter for programmable, energy-efficient fluidic and interfacial systems.