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Measuring Food Safety Culture: A Systematic Review of Questionnaire Dimensions and Validation Practices
Ke Wang1,2, Miranda Mirosa1,3, Yakun Hou1,2
1Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
|April 6, 2026
Summary
Food safety culture (FSC) measurement is vital for company performance. This review found significant diversity in FSC questionnaires and gaps in validation, calling for more rigorous development of these essential tools.
Area of Science:
- Food Safety
- Organizational Behavior
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Food safety culture (FSC) is critical for organizational food safety performance.
- Reliable FSC measurement is essential for identifying strengths, weaknesses, and guiding improvements.
- Existing FSC questionnaires lack consistency, comparability, and practical utility due to variations in scope, structure, and rigor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and consolidate knowledge on publicly available FSC questionnaires.
- To analyze the scope, content, and validation practices of existing FSC assessment instruments.
- To identify opportunities for developing more robust and practical FSC questionnaires.
Main Methods:
- Systematic examination of all publicly available FSC questionnaires.
- Tracking the evolution of FSC assessment instruments and their characteristics.
- Identifying, clustering, and summarizing dimensions and items across instruments.
- Analyzing employed validation methods.
Main Results:
- Significant diversity found in theoretical frameworks, conceptual scope, and item focus areas of FSC questionnaires.
- Notable gaps identified in the validation practices of existing FSC assessment tools.
- Existing instruments vary considerably, limiting consistency and comparability.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive overview of current FSC tools is provided.
- Guidance is offered for selecting or developing robust FSC questionnaires for researchers and practitioners.
- There is a clear need for enhanced methodological rigor in future FSC questionnaire development.
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