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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

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Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Larissa C Hespanhol1, Shubham Agarwal2, Giulia Carvalhal3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil.

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Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems significantly improve glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients requiring insulin. These systems reduce time above range and HbA1c, supporting their use in future management guidelines.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems are standard for type 1 diabetes.
  • Emerging evidence suggests benefits for type 2 diabetes management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of AID systems on glycemic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes who require insulin therapy.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
  • Nine studies (1,530 participants) reporting continuous glucose monitoring outcomes were included in a single-arm meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • AID systems significantly increased time in range (TIR) by 16.06% and reduced time above range (TAR) by 15.90%.
  • HbA1c levels decreased by 1.27%, and mean glucose levels dropped by 21.34 mg/dL (1.19 mmol/L).
  • A modest reduction in time below range (TBR) was observed, with no significant changes in body weight or BMI.

Conclusions:

  • Automated insulin delivery systems demonstrate efficacy in improving glucose control for diverse type 2 diabetes populations requiring insulin.
  • Findings support the integration of AID systems into future type 2 diabetes management guidelines, highlighting reduced hypoglycemia risk.