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Racial and Ethnic Patterns in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Low-Income Adults in West Texas.

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Cardiovascular disease risk factors are prevalent in low-income West Texas adults, especially minorities. High blood pressure rates underscore the need for targeted interventions to reduce health disparities.

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Cardiovascular diseaseEthnic and racial minoritiesFree clinicsHealth disparitiesHypertensionLow-incomeUnderserved populations

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Cardiology
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in the US and Texas.
  • Disproportionate impact on racial/ethnic minority and low-income populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Estimate prevalence of major CVD risk factors in low-income West Texas adults.
  • Assess demographic disparities in CVD risk factor prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 201 low-income adults in Lubbock, Texas (2022-2024).
  • Utilized electronic medical records from a free preventive health screening program.
  • Examined prevalence of hypertension, obesity, tobacco use, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hypercholesterolemia.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of elevated blood pressure (47.8%), obesity (46.3%), tobacco use (41.8%), T2DM (36.3%), and hypercholesterolemia (15.4%).
  • Hispanic (62.7%) and Black (11.9%) participants comprised the majority.
  • Black participants had the highest rate of elevated blood pressure (62.5%).
  • Significant demographic differences observed in T2DM and lipid disorders (p < .01).

Conclusions:

  • Significant burden of CVD risk exists in West Texas's low-income population, particularly among minorities.
  • High rates of elevated blood pressure necessitate culturally responsive outreach and chronic disease management.
  • Data can inform public health policy to reduce cardiovascular disparities in underserved regions.