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Marine-derived Bioactives as Novel Interventions for Cardiovascular Disorders
Anu Garg1, Sudhanshu Mishra2, Shashi Kant Singh2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saraswathi College of Pharmacy, Anwarpur, Pilkhuwa, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, 245304, India.
Insights
Marine bioactive compounds show promise for cardiovascular health, offering natural alternatives to synthetic drugs. Further research and sustainable practices are needed to harness their full therapeutic potential for heart disease.
Area of Science:
- Marine Biology
- Pharmacology
- Natural Product Chemistry
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health concern.
- Marine natural products offer potential cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits.
- These compounds present safer alternatives to conventional cardiovascular medications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review marine-derived bioactive compounds with potential cardiovascular benefits.
- To analyze their chemical properties, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of action.
- To assess their therapeutic potential for CVDs.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of peer-reviewed literature from the past two decades.
- Searched key databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science).
- Focused on studies detailing chemical characterization, pharmacological activities, and mechanistic insights.
Main Results:
- Marine organisms yield diverse bioactives: polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, peptides, proteins, and essential fatty acids.
- Specific compounds (e.g., exopolysaccharides, phlorotannins, EPA, astaxanthin) show significant antioxidant, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and vascular-protective effects in preclinical studies.
- Some marine-derived agents, like omega-3-acid ethyl esters, are in clinical trials for CVD management.
Conclusions:
- Marine compounds possess favorable safety profiles and structural diversity for cardioprotective therapies.
- Challenges include variability in extraction, limited human trials, and ecological sustainability.
- Translational research and standardized protocols are crucial for clinical application.
Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, affecting the heart, vasculature, pulmonary circulation, and cerebrovascular functions. Bioactive compounds from natural sources, particularly marine organisms, are gaining attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects, offering safer alternatives to synthetic drugs.
Methods:
This narrative review collated and critically analyzed peer-reviewed literature from the past two decades on marine-derived bioactive compounds with potential cardiovascular benefits. Key databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched for studies describing chemical characterization, pharmacological activities, and mechanistic insights.
Results:
Marine ecosystems provide diverse bioactives such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, peptides, proteins, and essential fatty acids. Compounds including exopolysaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, phlorotannins, eicosapentaenoic acid, saringosterol, alginate, β- cryptoxanthin, macrolactin A, astaxanthin, and echinochrome A demonstrated significant antioxidant, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and vascular-protective actions in preclinical models. Several agents, such as omega-3-acid ethyl esters, have advanced to clinical use or late-stage trials for CVD prevention and management.
Discussion:
The natural origin, structural diversity, and favorable safety profiles of these marine compounds underscore their promise as cardioprotective therapeutics. However, variability in extraction methods, limited human trials, and potential ecological constraints highlight the need for standardized protocols and sustainability assessments. Translational research must bridge the gap between experimental findings and clinical application.
Conclusion:
Marine-derived bioactive compounds represent a rich, underexplored resource for novel interventions against cardiovascular disorders. Rigorous clinical validation and sustainable harvesting strategies are essential to fully realize their therapeutic potential.
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