Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Distribution Reliability and Automation01:25

Distribution Reliability and Automation

634
Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
634
Zones of Protection01:16

Zones of Protection

940
In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
940
Reclosers and Fuses01:26

Reclosers and Fuses

630
Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...
630
Load-frequency control01:28

Load-frequency control

797
Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
797
Power System Distribution01:25

Power System Distribution

1.2K
Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
The transmission system is designed...
1.2K
Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

526
Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
526

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decomposition-based interval multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for patrol robot path planning in chemical plants.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Neural network-based practical prescribed time adaptive tracking control for nonlinear networked control systems under deception attacks.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2026
Same author

Nonfragile Fault-Tolerant Control for Power Cyber-Physical Systems With Cyber Attacks.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2025
Same author

Zero-sum game-based dynamic self-triggered sliding mode control for unknown nonlinear systems with asymmetric input constraints.

ISA transactions·2025
Same author

Dynamic Event-Triggered Model Reference Adaptive Control for Uncertain Switched Systems.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2025
Same author

Fault-Tolerant Synchronization Control of Switched Complex Networks by a Proportional-Integral Intermediate Observer Approach.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2025
Same journal

A New Human-Likeness and Comfort Index for Robot Movements Along Prescribed Paths.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Robust Semiglobal and Global Stabilization for Nonlinear Normal Form Systems by Time-Varying Feedback.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Adaptive Global Asymptotic Output Stabilization of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems Under Dynamic State/Input Quantization.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Accelerated Distributed Gradient Tracking for Constrained Aggregative Optimization Over Time-Varying Digraphs.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Small-Gain-Based Plug-and-Play Distributed Control Framework for DC Microgrids With Decentralized Reconfiguration.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
Same journal

Prescribed-Time Impulsive Control of High-Order Integrator Systems.

IEEE transactions on cybernetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
06:04

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.2K

Interval Type-2 Fuzzy-Based Dynamic Event-Triggered Distributed Control for Multiarea Power Systems Against Hybrid

Xiehuan Li, Guangdeng Zong, Xiang Liu

    IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
    |April 6, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a dynamic event-triggered mechanism for load frequency control (LFC) in power systems facing cyberattacks. The new approach enhances network efficiency and ensures system stability under hybrid malicious threats.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 8, 2026

    Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
    06:04

    Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

    Published on: February 14, 2025

    1.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Control Systems Engineering
    • Cybersecurity in Power Systems
    • Fuzzy Logic Control

    Background:

    • Load Frequency Control (LFC) is crucial for power system stability.
    • Multiarea power systems are vulnerable to complex cyberattacks like Denial-of-Service (DoS) and deception attacks.
    • Existing control mechanisms may not adequately address hybrid attacks and network resource limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the dynamic event-triggered distributed load frequency control (LFC) for interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy-based multiarea power systems.
    • To propose a novel dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) to conserve network resources.
    • To develop a robust control strategy against hybrid malicious attacks.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a new dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) using the acknowledgment (ACK) character technique.
    • Modeling of a stochastic switching IT2 fuzzy power system incorporating uncertain nonlinearities and hybrid attacks.
    • Design of a distributed fuzzy controller utilizing neighborhood information and a piecewise Lyapunov functional for stability analysis.
    • Application of a three-step estimation method to reduce conservativeness in stability conditions.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed DETM effectively saves network resources.
    • The developed control strategy ensures mean-square exponential stability for the closed-loop system.
    • The $H_{\infty}$ disturbance attenuation performance is achieved under hybrid attacks.
    • Effectiveness demonstrated through simulations on three-area power systems.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed distributed security control algorithm is effective for LFC in IT2 fuzzy-based multiarea power systems under hybrid attacks.
    • The DETM offers a resource-efficient approach to enhance system resilience.
    • The stability analysis provides a robust framework for secure power system operation.