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Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
Published on: August 14, 2019
Recent advances in proanthocyanidins: Source valorization, functional potentials, and delivery innovations
Ji-Min Lv1, Meng-Ting Wang2, Wang-Ting Zhou3
1Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China; Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Abstract:
Proanthocyanidins (PAs), bioactive polyphenols derived from agro-plant byproducts, have attracted increasing attention due to their diverse health benefits and potential applications in functional foods. Although several recent reviews have summarized the sources, extraction processes, and bioactivities of PAs, systematic syntheses that integrate PAs type distribution patterns, key structure-function links, and nanoencapsulation-based delivery strategies remain limited. This review examines the distribution of A- and B-type PAs across agro-plant byproducts, summarizes green and efficient extraction approaches together with structural characterization strategies, and discusses structure-function relationships, emphasizing how key structural features influence bioactivities. Additionally, it provides a concise overview of the health-promoting effects of PAs, particularly their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gut microbiota-modulating, and cardioprotective effects. Furthermore, nanoencapsulation strategies for PAs using lipid-, protein-, and polysaccharide-based nanocarriers are discussed to enhance gastrointestinal stability and bioaccessibility. Together, these insights provide a comprehensive foundation for the sustainable and high-value utilization of PAs in food and nutraceutical fields.
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