Potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease characterized by multiorgan inflammation due to the dysregulation of the immune system. Despite the availability of conventional immunosuppressive therapies, the management of SLE remains challenging due to treatment resistance and significant side effects. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, have shown potential as a novel treatment for autoimmune diseases, including SLE. As of 2025, the treatment landscape for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by innovative therapies aiming to provide more effective and potentially curative options for patients. This review provides an overview of the current research on CAR T-cell therapy in SLE, discusses the mechanisms underlying its efficacy, and explores the potential challenges and future directions of this promising therapeutic approach.