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Hearing Loss Following Cardiac Interventions

Heli Majeethia1, Kayla Powell, Justina R Varghese

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|April 7, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Cardiac interventions increase the risk of hearing loss, particularly for patients with embolic risk factors or on dialysis. Open cardiac procedures do not significantly elevate this risk compared to minimally invasive ones.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Cardiac interventions are associated with various postprocedural complications.
  • Sensorineural hearing loss, including unilateral (USNHL) and sudden (SSNHL) forms, can occur after medical procedures.
  • The specific risks of USNHL/SSNHL following cardiac interventions require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cardiac interventions and the risk of developing unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) or sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).
  • To determine if embolic events, anesthesia exposure, surgical trauma, or altered circulatory dynamics contribute to postprocedural hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 120,429,580 patients from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network.
  • Patients undergoing cardiac interventions were stratified by embolic risk, surgical approach (open vs. minimally invasive), and dialysis dependence.
  • Risk ratios (RR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated to assess hearing loss risk.

Main Results:

  • Intermediate embolic risk (e.g., atrial fibrillation, TIA, stroke without anticoagulation) significantly increased hearing loss risk.
  • High embolic risk patients on anticoagulation also showed elevated risk.
  • Dialysis-dependent patients and those undergoing general anesthesia for cardiac surgery had a significantly increased risk of hearing loss.

Conclusions:

  • Embolic burden, valvular surgery, and dialysis dependence are associated with increased USNHL/SSNHL risk post-cardiac intervention.
  • Open cardiac procedures did not significantly increase hearing loss risk compared to minimally invasive techniques.
  • Further research is needed to identify preventive strategies for hearing loss after cardiac interventions.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiac surgeryHearing lossSensorineural Hearing lossSudden Hearing lossUSNHLValve repair

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