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Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Published on: March 7, 2018

From Dead Lithium to Functional Fillers: An in Situ Conversion Strategy for High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium

Guoping Liu¹, Xinyu Zhang¹, Maochun Wu¹

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|April 7, 2026

Summary

This study presents a novel ultrathin solid electrolyte for lithium metal batteries. It transforms "dead lithium" into functional fillers, enhancing battery performance and lifespan for safer, high-energy-density applications.

Keywords:

PEO solid electrolyte all-solid-state lithium metal batteries dead lithium filler ultrathin thickness

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Last Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

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Published on: March 7, 2018

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Battery Technology

Background:

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solid electrolytes are promising for safe, high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.
Challenges include fabricating ultrathin electrolytes for practical current densities and long lifespans.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an ultrathin (19 μm) PEO-based solid electrolyte with enhanced mechanical strength and dendrite suppression.
To utilize "dead lithium" as functional fillers within the electrolyte to improve performance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a 19 μm-thick PEO-based solid electrolyte supported by porous polyethylene.
Repeated lithium plating/stripping at high current density to form "dead lithium" fillers.
Characterization of in situ formed surface layers (LiOH, Li₂CO₃, Li₂O, LiF) on dead lithium.

Main Results:

In situ formed fillers on "dead lithium" block electronic transport, acting as effective functional components.
These fillers enhance lithium-ion transport and suppress dendrite growth, promoting uniform lithium deposition.
Li||Li symmetric cells achieved a critical current density of 1 mA cm^-2 and stable operation for 400 h.
A Li||LiFePO₄ full cell retained 90.9% capacity after 600 cycles.

Conclusions:

The developed ultrathin PEO solid electrolyte with functionalized "dead lithium" fillers significantly improves lithium metal battery performance and safety.
This strategy offers a viable pathway for next-generation high-energy-density and long-lifespan all-solid-state batteries.