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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
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Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System01:16

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The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
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The Micturition Reflex01:26

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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
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Urethral Closure Mechanism Caused by Prostate Rotation During Abdominal Pressure in Men: A Dynamic Magnetic Resonance

Hiroshi Kano1, Yoshifumi Kadono2, Ryunosuke Nakagawa1

  • 1Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan.

Neurourology and Urodynamics
|April 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Prostate rotation during abdominal pressure causes anatomical changes that may contribute to urethral closure in men. Dynamic MRI reveals a step-like displacement at the proximal membranous urethra, supporting prostate motion

Keywords:
abdominal pressuredynamic magnetic resonance imagingpelvic structureprostate rotationurethral closure mechanism

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Understanding urethral closure during increased abdominal pressure is crucial for male continence.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the anatomical mechanisms involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic changes in pelvic anatomy during abdominal pressure.
  • To elucidate the urethral closure mechanism in men using dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 145 patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
  • Preoperative dynamic MRI was utilized to measure anatomical changes during abdominal pressure.

Main Results:

  • Prostate apex rotation (5.6° anteriorly) and dorsal shift of the internal urethral orifice observed.
  • Prostate apex moved 1.2 mm anteriorly; distal membranous urethra shifted 0.9 mm dorsally.
  • A misalignment between the prostate apex and membranous urethra was noted, potentially causing urethral closure.

Conclusions:

  • Prostate rotation during abdominal pressure creates a step-like displacement at the proximal membranous urethra.
  • This anatomical shift may contribute to urethral closure in men with an intact prostate.
  • Dynamic MRI provides evidence for the role of prostate motion in urethral closure.