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Risk Factors, Sources, and Outcomes of Acinetobacter baumannii Bloodstream Infections: Insights From a Case-Control

Nivedha Srinivasan1, K Archana Bhat, Sevitha Bhat

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Annals of African Medicine
|April 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Surgery increases Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection (BSI) risk. This study identified surgical intervention as a key risk factor for A. baumannii BSIs, which are linked to longer hospital stays and higher mortality.

Keywords:
Acinetobacter baumanniiagents pathogènes nosocomiauxbloodstream infectioncase–control studyfacteurs de risqueinfection sanguinenosocomial pathogensrisk factorsétude cas-témoins

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections (BSIs) present significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Identifying clinical risk factors for A. baumannii BSIs is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate risk factors associated with A. baumannii BSIs.
  • To compare risk factors and clinical outcomes between patients with A. baumannii BSI and control groups.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in southern India.
  • Thirty-two A. baumannii BSI cases were compared with 56 matched controls (non-Acinetobacter BSI).
  • Data on demographics, comorbidities, procedures, device use, and antibiotic exposure were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Surgical intervention during admission was an independent predictor of A. baumannii BSI (adjusted odds ratio 3.44, P < 0.05).
  • Male gender and hypertension showed trends toward increased risk.
  • Common sources included skin/soft-tissue (31.3%) and respiratory infections (34.4%). Cases had longer hospital stays (10 vs. 8 days) and higher mortality (31.3% vs. 14.3%).

Conclusions:

  • Surgery during admission is the strongest independent risk factor for A. baumannii BSIs.
  • Hypertension and male gender were associated with increased risk.
  • These infections necessitate enhanced surveillance, infection control, and careful management of invasive procedures to mitigate risk and improve patient outcomes.