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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

1.5K
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
1.5K
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.6K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
1.6K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

2.1K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
2.1K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.9K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.9K
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

2.2K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
2.2K
¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview00:58

¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview

4.2K
The intensity of a signal, which can be represented by the area under the peak, depends on the number of protons contributing to that signal. The area under each peak is shown as a vertical line called an integral, with the integral value listed under it, as seen in the proton NMR spectrum of benzyl acetate. Each integral value is divided by the smallest integral value to obtain the ratio of the number of protons producing each signal. The ratio reveals the relative number of protons and not...
4.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Concentration of Metabolites from Low-density Planktonic Communities for Environmental Metabolomics using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Concentration of Metabolites from Low-density Planktonic Communities for Environmental Metabolomics using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Solvent-Selective Complexity Reduction of Effluent Dissolved Organic Matter for 1H NMR Spectroscopy.

Sepehr Shakeri Yekta1,2, Alex Enrich Prast1,2, Mattias Hedenström3

  • 1Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.

Analytical Chemistry
|April 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Solvent extraction simplifies complex biomass residue effluents for 1H NMR analysis. This method aids in characterizing dissolved organic matter (DOM) for better management of biofertilizer wastewater.

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Quantitative 31P NMR Analysis of Lignins and Tannins
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Quantitative 31P NMR Analysis of Lignins and Tannins

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Concentration of Metabolites from Low-density Planktonic Communities for Environmental Metabolomics using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Quantitative 31P NMR Analysis of Lignins and Tannins
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Quantitative 31P NMR Analysis of Lignins and Tannins

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Biomass residue processing yields complex effluents requiring advanced characterization.
  • Current bulk parameter analyses limit molecular-level understanding of dissolved organic matter (DOM).
  • Effective management of biofertilizer effluents necessitates detailed DOM structural information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate solvent-selective complexity reduction of DOM from anaerobic bioprocessing effluents.
  • To assess the suitability of 1H NMR spectroscopy for characterizing DOM after solvent extraction.
  • To enable structural discrimination of diverse molecular classes within complex organic mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Filtration and drying of effluent samples from anaerobic bioreactors.
  • Dissolution of dried DOM in various solvents (water, DMSO, methanol, TFA, acetone, DCM, acetonitrile).
  • 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis of DOM solutions to assess spectral characteristics and molecular composition.

Main Results:

  • Solvent choice significantly impacts DOM complexity and 1H NMR spectral features.
  • Methanol demonstrated a notable reduction in spectral variability, dissolving DOM with consistent features.
  • Trifluoroacetic acid enriched aromatic compounds and induced decomposition, while other solvents selectively extracted different aliphatic and functionalized molecules.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent-selective extraction is a viable strategy to reduce DOM complexity in biomass effluents.
  • 1H NMR spectroscopy, coupled with appropriate solvent selection, can effectively discriminate molecular classes.
  • This approach facilitates a deeper understanding of DOM for improved biofertilizer wastewater management.