Component Analysis of Urinary Calculi in 607 Patients From Jiaxing Region: A Single-Center Study

This study aimed to analyse the distribution characteristics of urinary calculi components in patients from Jiaxing region and explore their relationship with gender, age and the location of calculi, thereby providing a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of local urolithiasis.

Clinical data and stone specimens from 607 patients with urinary calculi admitted to a hospital in Jiaxing region between August 2023 and August 2024 were retrospectively collected (the study design is a cross-sectional study). The SUN-3G infrared spectroscopy automatic analysis system was used to determine stone composition. The distribution differences of stone components across different genders, ages and locations were statistically analysed.

Amongst the 607 patients, 403 (66.4%) were male and 204 (33.6%) were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.95 : 1. The distribution of calcium oxalate, carbapatite and uric acid stones did not show statistically significant differences between male and female patient groups (p > 0.05). However, the distribution of other stone components showed statistically significant differences between genders (p < 0.05). Calcium oxalate stones were the most prevalent, found in 427 cases (70.35%). Amongst them, mixed-component stones accounted for 268 cases (44.15%), primarily characterised by calcium oxalate monohydrate + carbapatite, followed by calcium oxalate monohydrate + calcium oxalate dihydrate + carbapatite. Pure-component stones accounted for 339 cases (55.85%), predominantly composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate. The 41-60 years age group had the highest incidence (297 cases, 48.93%), and stone component distribution varied significantly by age. Upper urinary tract stones accounted for 99.18% (602 cases), with no significant difference in component distribution by location (p > 0.05). Seasonal analysis showed calcium oxalate monohydrate being the dominant component in all seasons, with male cases predominating, and significant seasonal differences in stone occurrence (p < 0.05).

Urinary calculi in Jiaxing region are predominantly calcium oxalate stones, with mixed-component stones as the main subtype, most commonly found in the upper urinary tract. Gender, age and season are associated with the distribution of stone components. Targeted dietary adjustments and health-related suggestions based on stone composition may potentially help reduce the risk of stone formation.