Use of transcutaneous bilirubinometers in preterm infants in Japan

This study aimed to investigate the current use of transcutaneous bilirubinometers (TcBMs) in preterm infants in Japan, given their potential for noninvasive and prolonged jaundice monitoring.

A nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted across 229 facilities for preterm infants. Responses were stratified by facility level and analyzed using Fisher's exact test.

Of the 229 facilities, 149 (65%) responded, with 76 (51%) using TcBMs in preterm infants. TcBM use increased with gestational age. TcBMs were more commonly used in Level II facilities than in Level III/IV facilities (63% vs. 40%, p = 0.0087). In late preterm infants, TcBMs tended to be used immediately after birth, whereas in extremely preterm infants, they were often introduced after the first postnatal week. Level II facilities showed a tendency to use TcBMs immediately after birth, even in infants of relatively low gestational age. JM-105 was the most used device, and the anterior chest was the primary measurement site. 55% of the facilities using TcBMs reported adopting Morioka's new treatment criteria for neonatal jaundice. While most facilities disinfected devices after each use, concerns remained regarding measurement accuracy and infection control.

TcBMs are used in approximately half of the facilities in Japan, with greater use in Level II centers. Broader dissemination of guidelines may encourage safer and more consistent practices.