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Surface-Engineered ZnO Nanoparticles via Acetone Immersion for Charge-Balanced High Resolution Full-Color Organic

Changhee Lee1, Hyo-Bin Kim2, Ryungyu Lee1

  • 1Department of Intelligent Semiconductor, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chemically modifying zinc oxide nanoparticles with acetone improves charge balance in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This simple post-fabrication step enhances electron injection and boosts device performance, leading to brighter and more efficient displays.

Keywords:
ZnO nanoparticlescharge balancehigh resolution displayorganic light‐emitting diodesoxygen vacanciestrap passivation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) face challenges with carrier injection imbalance and interfacial quenching.
  • Hole-dominated transport in polymer emitters contributes to performance limitations in OLED devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple post-fabrication method for enhancing charge balance and device performance in OLEDs.
  • To investigate the chemical modification of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using acetone immersion for improved electron injection and hole blocking.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical modification of ZnO NPs via acetone immersion as a post-fabrication treatment.
  • Characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and transient electroluminescence (EL) measurements.
  • Fabrication and performance evaluation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with treated ZnO NPs.

Main Results:

  • Acetone treatment passivates oxygen vacancy-related trap states on the ZnO NP surface.
  • Improved electron injection and restored hole-blocking behavior were observed without altering device structure or interfaces.
  • OLEDs treated with acetone showed reduced turn-on voltage, significantly higher luminance (>44,000 cd/m²), and enhanced efficiency for RGB subpixels.
  • The method supports scalable fabrication of ultra-high-resolution RGB pixel arrays.

Conclusions:

  • Acetone immersion is a highly effective strategy for defect passivation in ZnO NPs, enhancing charge balance in OLEDs.
  • This approach offers a scalable and cost-effective solution for improving the performance and fabrication of advanced OLED displays.
  • The developed method overcomes key limitations in solution-processed OLEDs, paving the way for next-generation display technologies.