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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Shoulder instability and associated shoulder injuries in patients with epilepsy.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders·2026
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''The Global Glenoid Component Inclination: why scapulothoracic orientation should be considered when defining glenoid component inclination in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty''.

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Impact of augmented reality assisted navigation on early outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study.

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Long-term outcomes of arthroscopic Bankart repair with additional posteroinferior capsular plication in patients with anterior shoulder instability and hyperlaxity: Minimum 10-year follow-up.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
07:10

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: March 6, 2026

460

[Functional posterior shoulder instability: which treatment options work?]

Irina Todiraș1,2, Doruk Akgün3, Philipp Moroder4

  • 1Schulter und Ellbogen-Abteilung, Schulthess Klinik, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zürich, Schweiz. irina.todiras@gmx.ch.

Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany)
|April 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional posterior shoulder instability (PSI) stems from neuromuscular issues, not structural ones. Treatment requires a personalized approach combining physical therapy and modern techniques like functional electrical stimulation (FES) for best results.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physical Therapy
Keywords:
Electric stimulationGlenohumeral jointJoint instabilityPaceMakerShoulder joint

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