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Time to Medication Initiation in School-age Children With ADHD in Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics
Sushma S Kasinathan1, Lynne C Huffman1, Ingrid Luo2
1Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; and.
Timing of ADHD medication varied by race, clinician type, and co-occurring conditions. Factors like Asian race/ethnicity and psychologist care were linked to longer wait times for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in school-aged children.
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (DBP) clinics are key sites for ADHD diagnosis and management.
- Understanding medication prescription timing is crucial for effective ADHD care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the time from ADHD diagnosis to medication prescription in DBP clinics.
- To identify clinical and sociodemographic factors influencing this timing.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of electronic health records for 823 children (6-12 years) diagnosed with ADHD.
- Used Andersen Health Care Utilization model factors (predisposing, enabling, need).
- Cox regression assessed associations with time to first ADHD medication prescription within one year.
Main Results:
- 58.8% of children received ADHD medication within one year of diagnosis (average 51 days).
- Longer time to prescription associated with Asian race/ethnicity, psychologist clinician, and 1-2 co-occurring conditions (e.g., anxiety).
- Shorter time linked to older age and ADHD combined/hyperactive-impulsive subtypes.
Conclusions:
- Clinical and sociodemographic factors, including race/ethnicity, significantly impact ADHD medication initiation timing in DBP settings.
- Further research is needed to explore influencing factors in DBP practice.
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