[Prevalence and risk factors associated to subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in young adults]

The presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in young patients may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study evaluates the frequency and clinical characteristics of this condition.

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional observational study including patients aged 18-45 years, without a history of cardiovascular disease, evaluated in a cardiovascular prevention and health promotion program in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 2017 and 2018. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. The presence of carotid plaques was assessed by ultrasound.

A total of 1,788 individuals were included, mean age 30 ± 8 years, 906 men (50.6%). Subclinical atherosclerosis was detected in 55 participants (3%), of whom 40 (73%) were men and 15 (27%) were women. The prevalence was higher in men than in women (4.4 vs. 1.7%). Its frequency increased with age (< 30 years: 0.6%; 30-39 years: 1.8%; ≥ 40 years: 11.7%). Subclinical atherosclerosis was associated with hypertension (9 vs. 3%; p < 0.01), higher levels of total cholesterol (212.9 ± 38.4 vs. 182.5 ± 35.8 mg/dL; p < 0.0001) and triglycerides (150 ± 92 vs. 105.3 ± 65.3 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), and lower HDL-c levels (49.2 ± 11 vs. 54.7 ± 13.6 mg/dL; p < 0.0001).

Subclinical atherosclerosis is present in young people. The usefulness of its detection in modifying the threshold and intensity of preventive measures should be explored in prospective studies.