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Thermal treatment of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209): Destruction efficiency and behavior of byproducts
Mengmei Zhang1, Yusuke Takami2, Masaki Takaoka2
1Nanxun Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Abstract:
Decabromodiphenyl ether (Deca-BDE) could be released into the environment and reintroduced into new products manufactured from recycled materials containing it. This study comprehensively elucidated the destruction characteristics of BDE-209 (the predominant congener constituting Deca-BDE) during incineration, to explore the feasibility and practicality of employing thermal treatment for the disposal of Deca-BDE and Deca-BDE-containing waste. A series of incineration tests were conducted in a laboratory-scale furnace over various temperatures (850, 900, 950, 1000℃), lengths of flue gas residence time (2, 4, 8 s) and levels of oxygen concentration (0, 10, 21%). Only at 1000℃ with a residence time of 2 s did all replicate tests consistently achieve the required destruction efficiency (DE) > 99.999% and destruction removal efficiency (DRE) > 99.9999% values. Temperatures exceeding 850℃ significantly enhanced DE/DRE values, while the effects of residence time and oxygen content on DE/DRE values were less pronounced. Byproducts in incinerated samples were also analyzed. The residual/reformed BDE-209 and the five detected byproducts ranked in descending order as BDE-209 > HBBz > BDE-206, BDE-207 > BDE-196, BDE-197. In terms of minimizing undesirable byproducts, the operational condition of 1000℃ and 2 s remained optimal; however, the condition of 950℃ and 4 s achieved a comparable level and demonstrated the potential to meet the DE and DRE targets. Statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships among the incineration products.
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