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Multi-scale Optimization on Interfacial Evaporative Cooling for Photovoltaic Performance Enhancement.

Fuxiang Li1,2, Haosheng Lin1,2, Zengguang Sui1,2

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Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Wasted solar energy heats silicon photovoltaics (PV), reducing efficiency. This study introduces interfacial evaporation cooling, significantly lowering PV temperature and boosting power output for better solar energy harvesting.

Keywords:
interfacial evaporationmultiphysics modelmultiscale optimizationphotovoltaicthermal management

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermal Engineering
  • Renewable Energy Systems

Background:

  • Silicon photovoltaics (PV) waste over 70% of sunlight as heat, leading to performance degradation.
  • Elevated operating temperatures in PV panels significantly reduce their energy conversion efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize interfacial evaporation-based cooling for photovoltaic applications.
  • To investigate methods for enhancing thermal management in solar panels at array scale.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental validation of a thin-film evaporator for PV cooling.
  • Development and application of a multiphysics model for predicting PV performance.
  • Array-level simulations to assess cooling strategies like increased installation height.

Main Results:

  • A thin-film evaporator reduced PV temperature by nearly 18 °C.
  • The developed model accurately predicted PV temperature, electrical characteristics, and evaporation rates.
  • Increasing installation height improved rear ventilation, achieving up to 22.3 °C temperature reduction and an 8.9% relative power efficiency gain.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial evaporation cooling is a viable strategy for managing PV thermal loads.
  • Minimizing the backside moisture boundary layer is crucial for effective cooling.
  • Simple modifications like adjusting installation height offer practical pathways for enhanced PV efficiency.