Group-Based Exercise Programs for Adults With Visual Impairment: A Scoping Review of Implementations and Outcomes

ObjectiveThis scoping review examined current research on group-based exercise programs for adults with visual impairment (VI) and their outcomes.Data SourceSearches were conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete, PsycInfo, AMED, and SPORTDiscus.Study Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaIncluded studies were peer-reviewed experimental articles published in English from 2000 to October 2024, reporting group-based exercise programs and outcomes for adults with VI. Studies exploring the experiences of adults with VI in informal group exercise were also included. Excluded were reviews, non-research or unpublished works, theses and dissertations, studies that focused on childhood participation, and those involving professional athletes.Data ExtractionData were extracted on program implementation, outcome measures, and key findings. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist guided reporting on implementation details.Data SynthesisThe extracted data were analyzed descriptively to identify studies' patterns and trends. Findings were summarized by study type, with intervention details reported alongside outcomes and assessments.ResultsThirty-nine studies were included. Programs incorporated various exercise types with adjustments for VI, showing improvements in physical functioning, mental health, and psychosocial well-being.ConclusionsGroup-based exercise programs benefit adults with VI across multiple domains, yet evidence regarding daily functioning, social interaction, and exercise intensity was limited. Addressing these gaps is crucial to developing inclusive and effective programs that support their meaningful participation and well-being.