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Distorted Ultrasmall TiO2 Nanoparticles as Efficient Visible Light Photocatalyst.

Ardiansyah Taufik1, Akira Yoko1,2, Kakeru Ninomiya2,3

  • 1WPI - Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed ultrasmall, 2nm titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles for efficient visible light photocatalysis. This novel material shows significantly enhanced NOx removal activity, offering a new path for advanced nanomaterials.

Keywords:
distortionflow‐reactorultrasmall TiO2visible light

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing efficient and cost-effective visible light photocatalysts is crucial.
  • Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has limitations including a wide bandgap and small surface area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize visible light-active ultrasmall (approximately 2 nm) TiO2 nanoparticles.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional TiO2 for photocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Continuous flow-hydrothermal synthesis with precise temperature control and sub-second reaction time.
  • Direct synthesis of ultrasmall TiO2 nanoparticles, avoiding post-annealing growth.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasmall (approximately 2 nm) TiO2 nanoparticles with a highly distorted lattice structure were obtained.
  • High lattice distortion, including undercoordinated Ti atoms, created localized states that narrowed the bandgap.
  • The synthesized TiO2 demonstrated nearly threefold higher photocatalytic activity for NOx removal under visible light.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasmall TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via continuous flow-hydrothermal process exhibit enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity.
  • Lattice distortion in ultrasmall TiO2 is key to modifying band structure and improving performance.
  • This work opens new avenues for designing ultrasmall oxide nanomaterials for next-generation photocatalysis.