Advances in cellular therapy for cancer: vector design and genome editing

The year 2025 saw continued scientific progress in cell therapy and further commercial expansion of CAR T-cell therapeutics, alongside notable strategic contractions driven largely by manufacturing cost constraints. The field also benefited from the recent transition in T-cell subset nomenclature toward function- and state-based definitions, enabling more precise characterization of CAR T-cell products. We highlight five key advances, including in vivo CAR generation, next-generation genome engineering and the expanding potential of AI-guided antibody discovery platforms for cellular immunotherapy.