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The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
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Undetected Weight Loss Associates With Upstaging in Cancer Patients.

L Anne Gilmore1,2, Evie Y Dunsky1, A Jacob Miller1

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Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is often missed in cancer patients, delaying diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing UWL earlier can improve outcomes by detecting cancer at more treatable stages.

Keywords:
cancer cachexiadiagnosisgastrointestinal cancernon‐small cell lung cancerunintentional weight loss

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Metabolic Medicine

Background:

  • Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is a key indicator of cancer cachexia.
  • Early identification of UWL can facilitate prompt cancer diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and timing of UWL documentation and diagnosis in cancer patients.
  • To understand the relationship between UWL recognition and cancer stage at diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of gastrointestinal and non-small cell lung cancer patients with measured UWL.
  • Manual review of body weight histories, exclusion of intentional or fluid-related weight loss.
  • Analysis of UWL documentation, diagnosis codes, and association with cancer stage using statistical models.

Main Results:

  • 43% of cancer cachexia patients had missed UWL, averaging 8.6% body weight loss.
  • Recognized UWL was documented approximately 7 months after weight loss onset.
  • Greater UWL magnitude correlated with advanced cancer stage at diagnosis (median stage 3 vs. 2).

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of UWL goes unrecognized in cancer patients, delaying diagnosis.
  • Timely recognition and diagnosis of UWL are crucial for identifying patients with early-stage, curable disease.