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An Uncommon Presentation of Sweet's Syndrome in Primary Myelofibrosis

Valentina Rago1,2, Valeria Brogna1,3, Fabrizio Cavalca2

  • 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.

Case Reports in Hematology
|April 8, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Sweet's syndrome, a rare skin condition, can mimic infections, delaying diagnosis. Early corticosteroid and ruxolitinib treatment effectively resolved symptoms in a primary myelofibrosis patient.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Hematology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Sweet's syndrome (SS) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis.
  • It is often associated with hematologic malignancies.
  • Diagnostic delays are common due to its mimicry of infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of Sweet's syndrome in a patient with primary myelofibrosis.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case presentation.
  • Review of patient history, symptoms, and treatment.
  • Skin biopsy for histopathological confirmation of neutrophilic vasculitis.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with symptoms initially misdiagnosed as cellulitis.
  • Necrotic lesions and persistent fever despite antibiotics indicated a more complex condition.
  • Skin biopsy confirmed Sweet's syndrome.
  • Treatment with corticosteroids and ruxolitinib led to rapid symptom resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Sweet's syndrome can present atypically and be mistaken for infections.
  • Early diagnosis and targeted therapy, including ruxolitinib for cytokine suppression, are crucial for managing SS associated with myelofibrosis.
Keywords:
Sweet’s syndromecase reportcorticosteroidsmyelofibrosisruxolitinib

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