Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 9, 2026
10:32
Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
Published on: April 23, 2014
19.5K
The home medication review (HMR) checklist: development, validation, and feasibility study.
M Radhakishan1, V K Sashindran2, Adithi Kellarai3
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.
Frontiers in Pharmacology
|April 8, 2026
Summary
A new Home Medication Review (HMR) checklist was developed and validated to standardize medication management. This practical tool enhances medication safety and can be implemented globally by clinical pharmacists.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Health Services Research
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice
Background:
- Home Medication Review (HMR) is a patient-centered pharmacy service aimed at optimizing medication therapy and improving patient outcomes.
- A lack of standardization in HMR delivery globally hinders its widespread adoption and effectiveness.
- Standardizing HMR is crucial for ensuring comprehensive medication reviews and mitigating drug-related issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a comprehensive checklist for standardizing Home Medication Review (HMR) delivery.
- To ensure all critical elements of an HMR visit are consistently covered by pharmacists.
- To facilitate the implementation of standardized HMR within the Indian healthcare system and potentially internationally.
Main Methods:
- A literature review informed the preliminary checklist framework, refined by an expert advisory board.
- Content Validity Index (CVI) and modified kappa statistics (k*) were employed for expert content validation.
- A feasibility study involving 20 participants assessed the checklist's usability in home care settings.
Main Results:
- The 12-domain, 65-item HMR Checklist achieved high content validity (Ave-CVI 0.97) and item-level validity.
- Pharmacist compliance in the feasibility study was high at 93.5%, indicating good adherence to the checklist.
- Feasibility data confirmed high patient acceptance and seamless integration into clinical workflows.
Conclusions:
- The developed HMR Checklist is a reliable, holistic, and practical instrument for standardizing home medication reviews.
- The checklist has strong potential to enhance medication safety when implemented by clinical pharmacists.
- This validated tool provides a foundation for future large-scale evaluations of HMR globally.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Pharmacovigilance
2.0K
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
2.0K
01:15Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients
213
Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
213
01:28Preclinical Development: Overview
6.5K
Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
6.5K
01:29Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting
1.7K
Documentation in long-term care facilities and home healthcare settings is crucial for ensuring continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for patients. Each setting has its specific documentation processes and tools:
Long-Term Care Facilities
Long-Term Care Facilities
1.7K
01:10In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation
542
In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
542
01:28Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches
491
Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
491