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FaNUDT19 contributes to 5' cap quality control by modulating NAD+ capped RNA dynamics during strawberry fruit
Quan Ma1, Dong Li1, Yicheng Ren1
1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, the Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
The Plant Cell
|April 8, 2026
Summary
Strawberry ripening involves dynamic regulation of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-capped RNAs (NAD-RNAs). The enzyme FaNUDT19 scavenges NAD-RNAs, influencing gene expression and promoting fruit coloration during ripening.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Fruit Ripening
Background:
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-capped RNAs (NAD-RNAs) are prevalent in transcriptomes but their developmental regulation is poorly understood.
- Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) serves as a model for non-climacteric fruit ripening.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the regulation of NAD-RNAs during strawberry fruit ripening.
- To characterize the function of the NAD-RNA scavenger enzyme FaNUDT19 in strawberry ripening.
Main Methods:
- Global profiling of NAD-RNAs using "click reaction"-based sequencing (SPAAC-NAD-seq).
- Biochemical assays to determine the enzymatic activity of FaNUDT19.
- Overexpression of FaNUDT19 in strawberry to assess its effects on NAD-mRNAs and ripening-related genes.
Main Results:
- SPAAC-NAD-seq identified thousands of NAD-RNAs from protein-coding genes, transposable elements, and organelle genomes.
- The abundance of NAD-RNAs and the NAD+ cap decreased during ripening.
- FaNUDT19 expression increased during ripening and demonstrated hydrolytic activity against multiple 5' caps, with a preference for NAD+.
- FaNUDT19 overexpression selectively impacted a subset of NAD-mRNAs, stabilizing ripening-related genes like FaPOD, which promotes coloration.
Conclusions:
- FaNUDT19 plays a crucial role in strawberry ripening by dynamically regulating NAD-RNA levels.
- The enzyme's NAD+ decapping activity influences the stability of mRNAs involved in fruit coloration.
- These findings highlight the significance of FaNUDT19-mediated NAD+ decapping in non-climacteric fruit development.
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