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Synergistic Sugaring-Out Microextraction Coupled With Synchronous Fluorescence for Multiplexed Diuretic Detection in
Samah Abo El Abass1, Manal A Alossaimi1, Abdulmalik S A Altamimi1
1Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin-Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Summary
This study introduces a green analytical method for precise bumetanide and amiloride determination using sugaring-out homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, eliminating toxic solvents.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Green Chemistry
- Pharmaceutical Analysis
Background:
- Accurate determination of diuretics like bumetanide and amiloride is crucial for therapeutic applications.
- Traditional liquid-liquid extraction methods often rely on toxic organic solvents, posing environmental and health concerns.
- Developing eco-friendly analytical techniques is a key objective in modern pharmaceutical analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate an environmentally friendly analytical method for the precise determination of bumetanide and amiloride.
- To integrate sugaring-out homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (SULLME) with synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for enhanced sensitivity and reduced analysis time.
- To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for analyzing these diuretics in complex matrices like coformulations and human urine.
Main Methods:
- Utilized sugaring-out homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (SULLME) to avoid organic solvents.
- Employed synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy with a wavelength difference (Δλ) of 140 nm for simultaneous detection.
- Validated the method for linearity, limits of detection (LOD), and application in spiked human urine and coformulated samples.
Main Results:
- Achieved sensitive detection with low LODs: 0.006 μg/mL for bumetanide and 0.012 μg/mL for amiloride.
- Demonstrated linear ranges of 0.05-0.5 μg/mL for bumetanide and 0.04-1.0 μg/mL for amiloride.
- Successfully determined both diuretics in a challenging coformulation ratio and in spiked human urine samples.
Conclusions:
- The developed SULLME-SFS method offers a precise, sensitive, and environmentally friendly approach for bumetanide and amiloride determination.
- The method aligns with green analytical chemistry principles by minimizing toxic solvent use and reagent consumption.
- This study highlights the potential of combining advanced spectroscopic techniques with green chemistry for efficient pharmaceutical multianalyte monitoring.
