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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Longitudinal Research02:20

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square...
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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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The Cannabis Health Literacy Questionnaire - Assessing Reliability and Known-Groups Validity in a Canadian Adult

Queen Jacques1, Zhiwei Gao1, Maisam Najafizada1

  • 1Division of Population Health and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.

Journal of Drug Education
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The Cannabis Health Literacy Questionnaire (CHLQ) is reliable and valid for assessing Canadian adults' health literacy regarding cannabis. CHLQ scores reveal differences based on cannabis use and age, aiding public health education.

Keywords:
Cannabis health literacycannabisdrug educationhealth literacymeasurement

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Literacy
  • Cannabis Research

Background:

  • Assessing health literacy is crucial for effective public health communication, especially concerning substances like cannabis.
  • Validated tools are needed to measure understanding of cannabis risks, benefits, and information-seeking behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability and known-groups validity of the Cannabis Health Literacy Questionnaire (CHLQ).
  • To examine variations in cannabis health literacy among Canadian adults based on demographics and consumption status.

Main Methods:

  • Online survey administered to 1,034 Canadian adults (19+).
  • Assessed internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and KR-20.
  • Evaluated known-groups validity using Rasch-derived scores and ANOVA, comparing subgroups.

Main Results:

  • The CHLQ demonstrated acceptable to modest internal consistency across its four dimensions.
  • Significant differences in CHLQ scores were observed based on cannabis consumption status and age.
  • Current cannabis consumers showed higher knowledge and confidence but lower risk perception.

Conclusions:

  • The CHLQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring cannabis health literacy in Canadian adults.
  • Findings support the CHLQ's utility in identifying population subgroups with varying levels of cannabis health literacy.
  • Results can inform targeted public health education strategies for cannabis.