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Person-environment interaction processes in frailty: a scoping review.

Junjie Zhang1, Xiayu Wang2, Paul S F Yip1,3

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Person-environment interactions are crucial for understanding frailty in older adults. This review proposes a new model showing how adaptation to environmental stress across different spatial levels impacts health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Environmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Frailty is an age-related condition increasing vulnerability to stressors.
  • Person-environment (P-E) interactions influencing frailty are underexplored.
  • Understanding P-E dynamics is vital for older adult health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on P-E interactions associated with frailty.
  • To explore the relevance of the COntext Dynamics in Aging (CODA) framework.
  • To propose a refined model of P-E interactions in frailty.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL) from 2001-2024.
  • Included 130 studies out of 2,991 screened articles.
  • Extracted data on study characteristics, environment/frailty definitions, and conceptual models.

Main Results:

  • The COntext Dynamics in Aging (CODA) framework is relevant to frailty research.
  • Identified diverse environmental indicators across CODA domains.
  • Proposed a refined model of dynamic interplay between individual adaptation and environmental stress, including a spatial-differential perspective ('hierarchical stair' principle).

Conclusions:

  • Emphasizes dynamic P-E interactions across spatial levels for adaptation and stress.
  • Highlights scarcity of studies on interaction processes and spatial dynamics.
  • Proposes a heuristic model for future hypothesis-driven research, advocating for empirical testing of multilevel approaches.