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Related Concept Videos

Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.8K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

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Celiac Disease.

Joseph A Murray1, Steffen Husby2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

The New England Journal of Medicine
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, affecting about 1% of people. Diagnosis uses antibody tests, and a gluten-free diet is the primary treatment, though some cases require further monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease is a prevalent autoimmune disorder affecting approximately 1% of the global population.
  • It is triggered by gluten exposure and can manifest at any age.
  • Genetic predisposition, specifically the presence of HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 genes, is a prerequisite for developing celiac disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of celiac disease diagnosis, treatment, and associated conditions.
  • To highlight the diagnostic criteria and the evolving role of duodenal biopsies.
  • To emphasize the importance of monitoring for nonresponsive celiac disease and its potential complications.

Main Methods:

  • Serologic testing, focusing on IgA antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA).
  • Confirmation tests may include endomysial antibodies (EMA) or, less commonly, duodenal biopsies.
  • Genetic testing for HLA-DQ2/HLA-DQ8 alleles.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis relies heavily on serological markers like tTG-IgA.
  • A gluten-free diet is the standard treatment.
  • Nonresponsive celiac disease in adults is linked to an increased risk of malignancy.

Conclusions:

  • Celiac disease diagnosis is primarily achieved through serological testing and genetic predisposition.
  • A strict gluten-free diet is essential for management.
  • Co-occurrence with other autoimmune conditions and the risks associated with nonresponsive disease necessitate ongoing medical attention.