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Related Experiment Video

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Objective neural face recognition neuromodulation within a single transcranial direct current stimulation session.

Nelson Torro-Alves1, Justine David2, Mireille Tabikh2

  • 1Federal University of Paraíba, Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Perception, João Pessoa, Brazil.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (tDCS) significantly impacts face recognition neural activity. This study shows tDCS reduces face individuation responses, with a notable rebound effect observed post-stimulation.

Keywords:
EEGFace recognitionFast periodic visual stimulationNeuromodulationtDCS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Neuromodulatory effects of transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (tDCS) on human cognition are not fully understood.
  • Technical challenges have limited clear evaluation of tDCS's impact on cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuromodulatory effects of tDCS on a specific neural marker of human face identity recognition.
  • To assess the impact of online and post-stimulation tDCS on cognitive processes using electroencephalography (EEG).

Main Methods:

  • A combined tDCS-EEG study was conducted with 18 participants.
  • tDCS was applied over the right occipito-temporal cortex during rapid periodic individuation of unfamiliar faces.
  • Neural responses were measured using frequency-tagged electrophysiology, focusing on specific frequency bins.

Main Results:

  • tDCS significantly reduced the neural electroencephalographic (EEG) response for face individuation by 28%.
  • A 'rebound' effect was observed after tDCS, showing a 66% increase in the neural response compared to the during-tDCS level.
  • These neuromodulatory effects were selective to face individuation and did not affect general visual processing.

Conclusions:

  • A single tDCS session can significantly and selectively modulate a key human cognitive brain function.
  • Frequency-tagged electrophysiology is a valuable tool for quantifying neuromodulation effects.
  • The findings highlight the potential of tDCS for targeted cognitive enhancement or intervention.