Stable platelet-rich plasma double-network hydrogel via insect exoskeleton-inspired crosslinking: A bioactive...

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely applied in regenerative medicine owing to having a variety of growth factors and inherent antibacterial activity. However, its clinical applications remained limited due to its rapid degradation, burst release of bioactive molecules, and poor retention at injury sites. To overcome these challenges, in current study we developed a stable double-network PRP hydrogel (i.e., PEG@PRPG) using an insect exoskeleton-inspired crosslinking strategy. By integrating DOPA-modified 4-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG), laccase, and Ca²⁺/thrombin, we established a covalently reinforced dual-network architecture in which catechol-to-quinone oxidative crosslinking enhances mechanical robustness and structural stability. Interestingly, the resulting hydrogel exhibited controlled protein release, excellent cytocompatibility, and strong support for cell proliferation and migration. In vivo evaluations in rat skin and endometrial injury models confirmed its effectiveness to enhance and proper tissue regeneration and desired functional repair. Overall, this technology based on biomimetic crosslinking approach provides an excellent platform for stabilizing PRP-based materials and also offers a promising strategy for upcoming next-generation therapeutics in regenerative medicine.