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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 10, 2026

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
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Cellular-state control using ribozyme-scaffolded miRNA-sensing and CRISPR-mediated actuation.

Taek Kang1, Leonidas Bleris2

  • 1Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Center for Systems Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.

Cell Reports Methods
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Scientists developed a CRISPR system using microRNAs (miRNAs) to detect and control cell state changes like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This technology precisely targets and modifies cells based on their unique miRNA signatures, offering new therapeutic possibilities.

Keywords:
CP: biotechnologyCP: cancer biologyCRISPR-based synthetic circuitscell-state controlepithelial-to-mesenchymal transitionmiRNA-dependent sgRNA activationpopulation filtering

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cellular transitions are crucial for biological processes but difficult to monitor and control with internal signals.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit unique expression patterns that define specific cell states.
  • Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in development, healing, and cancer metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel system for detecting and responding to cell-state transitions using endogenous signals.
  • To leverage microRNA signatures for precise control of cellular processes.
  • To engineer a CRISPR-based system for monitoring and modulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Main Methods:

  • Developed a state-specific miRNA-directed CRISPR system.
  • Utilized EMT-specific miRNAs to activate ribozyme-single-guide RNA (sgRNA) constructs.
  • Employed CRISPR-Cas9 effectors for gene expression modulation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated selective elimination of cells that underwent mesenchymal transition.
  • Showcased dynamic filtering of cell populations based on miRNA expression.
  • Validated the system's ability to precisely activate CRISPR-Cas9 effectors using endogenous cues.

Conclusions:

  • The miRNA-directed CRISPR system offers a versatile platform for state-specific gene modulation.
  • This technology enables precise monitoring and reprogramming of cell-state transitions.
  • Potential applications include regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, and fundamental biological research.