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Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Published on: April 14, 2023

Uncertainty-aware multi-class brain tumor segmentation using Bayesian U-Net variants.

Rahul Pal¹, Sanoj Kumar², Gaurav Bhatnagar³

¹Department of Mathematics, UPES, Dehradun, India.

Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express

|April 8, 2026

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This study introduces an uncertainty-aware framework for brain tumor segmentation using U-Net variants. It enhances model reliability by providing pixel-wise confidence maps, aiding clinical decision-making in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Accurate brain tumor segmentation in MRI is crucial for clinical applications.
Deep learning models show promise but lack reliable uncertainty estimation for clinical adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate an uncertainty-aware framework for multi-class brain tumor sub-region segmentation.
To investigate the impact of U-Net architectural variants on segmentation accuracy and reliability.

Main Methods:

Implemented an uncertainty-aware framework integrating multiple U-Net variants (Attention, Residual, Squeeze-Attention, CBAM).
Utilized Bayesian inference with Monte Carlo (MC) dropout for pixel-wise epistemic uncertainty estimation.
Evaluated on the BraTS 2020 dataset for whole tumor (WT), tumor core (TC), and enhancing tumor (ET) segmentation.

Keywords:

Bayesian deep learning Monte Carlo dropout U-Net variants attention mechanisms brain tumor segmentation medical image segmentation

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Last Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Published on: April 14, 2023

Main Results:

U-Net variants achieved competitive segmentation accuracy for all tumor sub-regions.
Uncertainty maps highlighted distinct spatial patterns, especially at ambiguous tumor boundaries.
Uncertainty estimation provided complementary insights beyond standard accuracy metrics.

Conclusions:

The proposed framework enhances interpretability and reliability of automated brain tumor segmentation.
Uncertainty maps assist radiologists in identifying low-confidence regions, improving decision-making and trust.
Bayesian uncertainty estimation integrated with U-Net backbones offers clinically valuable confidence information.