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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Updates in Skin Adnexal Tumors.

Paul W Harms1, May P Chan1, Thomas Brenn1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 35, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Ctr Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Dermatologic Clinics
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Accurate classification of cutaneous adnexal tumors is critical for patient outcomes. Recent advances in understanding adnexal carcinomas and their molecular drivers aid diagnosis.

Keywords:
Digital papillary adenocarcinomaMammary analog secretory carcinomaMicrosecretory adenocarcinomaMixed tumorNUT carcinomaSquamoid eccrine ductal carcinomaSweat gland carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiationWnt/beta-catenin-activated nonpilomatrical carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cutaneous adnexal tumors originate from hair follicles, sweat glands, or sebaceous glands.
  • These tumors exhibit a spectrum from benign to malignant and can indicate inherited tumor syndromes.
  • Accurate classification is challenging due to existing knowledge gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recently identified adnexal carcinomas.
  • To summarize novel molecular drivers in established adnexal tumor entities.
  • To provide diagnostic clues for adnexal tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent adnexal tumor research.
  • Analysis of morphologic features.
  • Evaluation of immunohistochemical and molecular findings.

Main Results:

  • Several new adnexal carcinomas have been described.
  • New molecular drivers have been identified for various adnexal tumors.
  • Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular data offer diagnostic insights.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances have significantly improved the understanding and diagnosis of cutaneous adnexal tumors.
  • Identifying molecular drivers is crucial for classifying and managing these tumors.
  • Integrated diagnostic approaches incorporating morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular data are essential.