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Key oral hypofunction components for geriatric syndromes: Machine learning approach.

Masanori Iwasaki1,2, Maki Shirobe1, Keiko Motokawa1

  • 1Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Prosthodontic Research
|April 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Four key oral hypofunction (OHF) components, including low tongue pressure and masticatory performance, significantly predict geriatric syndromes like frailty and sarcopenia. Targeting these specific oral functions may help prevent these age-related conditions.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyGeriatricsOral Health

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Oral Health
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Oral hypofunction (OHF) is a decline in oral function impacting older adults.
  • OHF can contribute to the development of geriatric syndromes, including physical frailty, sarcopenia, and nutritional impairment.
  • Identifying key OHF components is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the relative importance of seven OHF components in relation to physical frailty, sarcopenia, and nutritional impairment.
  • To utilize machine learning methods robust to multicollinearity for assessing OHF component contributions.
  • To identify the most impactful OHF indicators for geriatric syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study design pooling data from 1,133 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years.
  • Application of the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm to compute SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values.
  • Evaluation of incremental contributions using integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and C-statistics.

Main Results:

  • Low tongue pressure, masticatory performance, occlusal force, and articulatory oral motor skills emerged as the most significant OHF components.
  • These four components collectively demonstrated substantial predictive value for physical frailty, sarcopenia, and nutritional impairment.
  • A simplified OHF-4 model using these four components showed performance comparable to a seven-component model.

Conclusions:

  • Low tongue pressure, masticatory performance, occlusal force, and articulatory oral motor skills are key indicators of geriatric syndromes.
  • Targeting these specific oral functions can inform effective management strategies for preventing geriatric syndromes.
  • This research highlights the critical role of oral function in maintaining overall health in older adults.