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Experimental Validation of Scaphoid Tracking Using a Flexible Dual-Array Ultrasound Probe: From Proof-of-Concept to

Hasti Rostamikhanghahi1, Marcus Ingram1, Brian G Booth2

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Summary

This study introduces a novel ultrasound probe and algorithm for real-time scaphoid bone tracking during surgery. The system offers a radiation-free alternative to fluoroscopy, achieving clinically acceptable accuracy for orthopedic procedures.

Keywords:
Computer-assisted orthopedic surgeryFlexible medical devicesImage-guided surgeryReal-time trackingScaphoid fixationUltrasound imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Percutaneous scaphoid fixation requires accurate intra-operative scaphoid bone tracking.
  • Fluoroscopy, the current standard, provides limited 2-D imaging and involves ionizing radiation exposure.
  • Existing methods lack real-time, radiation-free solutions for scaphoid navigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel flexible, dual-array ultrasound transducer for real-time scaphoid tracking.
  • To introduce a template matching algorithm for precise scaphoid navigation.
  • To evaluate the system's accuracy and temporal resolution as a fluoroscopy alternative.

Main Methods:

  • A flexible, dual-array ultrasound probe was designed to generate 3-D point clouds of the scaphoid surface.
  • A template matching algorithm was implemented for real-time tracking.
  • The system's precision was validated against 4-D ultrasound and CT-derived models, measuring translation and rotation errors.

Main Results:

  • The system achieved a median frame-by-frame translation error of 0.48 mm.
  • Median cumulative translation errors were 0.75 mm (azimuth), 0.45 mm (depth), and 0.90 mm (elevation).
  • Median rotation error was 3.90°, with the largest cumulative error around the azimuth axis (8.50°).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed ultrasound system demonstrates clinically acceptable accuracy and temporal resolution (28 Hz) for surgical guidance.
  • This technology offers a promising radiation-free, real-time alternative to fluoroscopy in orthopedic surgery.
  • The findings support the deployment of ultrasound navigation systems in orthopedic procedures.