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Updated: Apr 10, 2026

Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Events Driven by FcγRIIIa Engagement in the Presence of Therapeutic Antibodies

Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Events Driven by FcγRIIIa Engagement in the Presence of Therapeutic Antibodies

Published on: May 22, 2020

CD4+ T Cells Predict Relapse in Pemphigus Vulgaris Treated With Rituximab: A Retrospective Study.

Simone Liguori¹, Noemi Coppola¹, Elvira Ruoppo¹

¹Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

|April 8, 2026

Summary

Lower CD4+ T-cell counts at B-cell repopulation and increasing CD4+ T-cell counts post-repopulation predict Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) relapse after Rituximab treatment, indicating a time-dependent role in disease reactivation.

Keywords:

Rituximab T cells flow cytometry pemphigus vulgaris relapse

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Last Updated: Apr 10, 2026

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Published on: May 22, 2020

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In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function

In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function

Published on: February 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Pharmacology

Background:

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering disease.
Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20+ B cells, is an effective treatment for PV.
Understanding immune reconstitution post-Rituximab is crucial for predicting disease course.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the role of CD4+ T-cells in mediating Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) relapse after Rituximab therapy.
To compare CD4+ T-cell counts and CD4+/CD20+ ratios between PV patients who achieved remission and those who relapsed post-Rituximab.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal evaluation of 27 PV patients treated with Rituximab over a median follow-up of 32 months.
Monitoring of CD4+ and CD20+ counts and CD4+/CD20+ ratio at various time points: treatment start, 2-month intervals post-Rituximab, B-cell repopulation, and 6-, 12-, 24-month intervals post-repopulation.

Main Results:

Of 27 patients, 16 (59%) relapsed, while 11 (41%) achieved remission.
Patients achieving remission had significantly higher CD4+ T-cell counts (p=0.02) and CD4+/CD20+ ratios (p=0.004) at B-cell repopulation.
A significant difference in post-repopulation CD4+ T-cell dynamics was observed: remission patients showed a mean decrease (-233.5 cells/μL), while relapsing patients showed a mean increase (539.4 cells/μL).

Conclusions:

Lower CD4+ T-cell counts at B-cell repopulation are predictive of PV relapse.
An increasing trend in CD4+ T-cell counts post-repopulation is associated with disease relapse.
These findings suggest a time-dependent role for CD4+ T cells in the reactivation of Pemphigus vulgaris following Rituximab treatment.