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Updated: Apr 10, 2026

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Photothermal-responsive self-healing PDMS-based elastomers for stretchable strain sensors.

Ruijie Zhu1,2, Ling Ai2,3, Zhou Zhou2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 Jiangxi China.

RSC Advances
|April 9, 2026
PubMed
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This study developed a novel photothermal-responsive self-healing elastomer based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The material demonstrates excellent mechanical properties and efficient self-healing under UV light, making it ideal for flexible sensors.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional self-healing elastomers often sacrifice strength for repair efficiency.
  • Developing robust and reliable self-healing materials is crucial for advanced applications, particularly in sensors.
  • Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based systems offer a promising platform for multifunctional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a photothermal-responsive self-healing PDMS elastomer (PUSE) that overcomes the strength-efficiency trade-off.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of dynamic disulfide and hydrogen bonds on self-healing and mechanical properties.
  • To evaluate the performance of the PUSE elastomer as a substrate for flexible strain sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized PUSE elastomer using PDMS, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 4,4'-dithiobisdiphenylamine (APDS), and epoxy-functionalized cyclotetrasiloxane (TEC).

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  • Utilized dynamic disulfide and hydrogen bonds for reversible self-healing capabilities.
  • Incorporated rigid phenyl and siloxane rings to enhance mechanical strength.
  • Characterized mechanical properties (tensile strength, toughness, resilience) and self-healing efficiency under UV irradiation and thermal conditions.
  • Assessed hydrophobicity and optical transparency.
  • Fabricated and tested resistive strain sensors using the PUSE elastomer as a substrate.

    • Main Results:

    • The optimized PUS3E elastomer achieved a tensile strength of 4.2 MPa, toughness of 9.85 MJ m⁻³, and resilience of 364.70%.
    • Self-healing efficiency reached 94.76% under UV irradiation within 24 hours, outperforming thermal healing (74.90% at 70 °C).
    • The material exhibited excellent hydrophobicity (water contact angle >100°) and optical transparency (T550nm = 87.5%).
    • Resistive strain sensors fabricated on the PUS3E substrate accurately detected human body movements.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed PUSE elastomer effectively balances mechanical strength and self-healing efficiency through synergistic dynamic bonds and rigid structural elements.
    • Photothermal-assisted healing offers a highly efficient and rapid repair mechanism.
    • The material's properties make it a valuable substrate for high-performance flexible electronic sensors.