Myxoma Unveiled: Insights from Central and Peripheral Variants through Two Rare Cases

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a rare benign tumor of mesenchymal origin, representing 3%-6% of odontogenic tumors and more commonly affecting the mandible. Histologically, it consists of stellate and spindle-shaped cells within a myxoid stroma, with fibromyxoma considered a collagen-rich variant. Most OMs are intraosseous, showing slow growth but infiltrative behavior, with recurrence rates of up to 43% following incomplete excision. Peripheral OMs (POMs), in contrast, are exceptionally uncommon extraosseous lesions arising in gingival or perigingival tissues. Although less aggressive, their clinical presentation is often nonspecific, mimicking other benign or malignant conditions, which complicates diagnosis. Treatment ranges from conservative enucleation to wide surgical resection depending on size and aggressiveness, with long-term follow-up being crucial. This article reports two surgically treated cases: one peripheral lesion with fibromyxoid features and one central intraosseous form, highlighting diagnostic considerations, management strategies, and current literature perspectives.