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Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...

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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Chiral discrimination on gate-based quantum computers.

Muhammad Arsalan Ali Akbar^1,2, Sabre Kais^1,2

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|April 9, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new quantum computing method for chiral discrimination, adapting analog control techniques for digital gate-based processors. This quantum approach enables molecular chirality manipulation on accessible quantum hardware.

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Area of Science:

Quantum computing
Quantum chemistry
Chiral science

Background:

Chiral discrimination is crucial in chemistry and pharmaceuticals.
Conventional methods for enantiomer discrimination rely on analog control, incompatible with digital quantum computers.
Adapting quantum control techniques for gate-based architectures is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel gate-based quantum computing approach for chiral discrimination.
To adapt existing analog control protocols for digital quantum computing.
To experimentally validate the proposed method on quantum hardware.

Main Methods:

Discretization of continuous-time Gaussian pulses using Trotterization.
Simulation of the chiral molecule 1,2-propanediol.
Experimental implementation on IBM quantum hardware.

Main Results:

Successful adaptation of stimulated rapid adiabatic passage and shortcuts to adiabaticity for gate-based quantum computing.
Experimental validation of the gate-based chiral discrimination protocol.
Demonstration of quantum-level manipulation of molecular chirality.

Conclusions:

The proposed gate-based approach is a viable foundation for advancing chiral discrimination.
This method paves the way for manipulating molecular chirality using accessible quantum architectures.
Quantum computing offers a powerful new tool for chiral analysis and control.