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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Temporal Nasal Epithelial Gene Expression Patterns in Healthy Individuals Infected With Rhinovirus-16, and Its

Jasper Mol1, Richard Volckmann2, Abilash Ravi1

  • 1Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary supplementation with carrot rhamnogalacturonan-I (cRG-I) enhances innate immune responses to rhinovirus (RV) infection. This immune boost, particularly at low doses, accelerates antiviral gene expression and may reduce symptom duration and severity.

Keywords:
anti‐viral responsechallenge in mannasal epithelial cellsrecoveryrhamnogalacturonan‐Itranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Rhinovirus (RV) infection triggers innate immune and interferon responses.
  • Dietary supplementation with carrot-derived pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-I (cRG-I) has shown potential to modulate these responses.
  • Understanding the temporal gene expression changes is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal mRNA responses in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) following RV16 infection.
  • To evaluate the impact of cRG-I supplementation on these RV16-induced gene expression patterns.
  • To determine the dose-dependent effects of cRG-I on antiviral and immune-related pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Nasal epithelial cells (NECs) were collected from healthy subjects before and after 8 weeks of cRG-I supplementation (0, 0.3, 1.5 g/d).
  • Cells were subsequently infected with RV16, and samples were collected at various time points (d3, d6, d9, d13).
  • Transcriptome analysis was performed using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization platform.

Main Results:

  • RV16 infection altered gene expression, reducing oxidative phosphorylation genes, inducing interferon-stimulated genes, and decreasing cilia-related genes.
  • Low-dose cRG-I supplementation accelerated the expression of key antiviral transcription factors and effector molecules (IRF4, IRF8, RFX3, IL-1B, CASP1) at days 3-6 post-infection.
  • High-dose cRG-I induced inflammasome-related gene expression after 8 weeks of supplementation.
  • cRG-I demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on the timing and intensity of gene expression in antiviral and epithelial repair pathways.

Conclusions:

  • cRG-I supplementation significantly modulates the temporal gene expression profile following RV16 infection in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Early enhancement of specific immune response genes by low-dose cRG-I may contribute to reduced symptom severity and duration.
  • These findings highlight the potential of cRG-I as a dietary intervention to bolster innate immunity against viral respiratory infections.